SAN ANTONI COLLEGE

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1407

LECTURE TEST 3

CONSSITING OF:

The internal transport, the heart and the circulatory systems, the kidney (excretion), and animal reproduction (generating offspring).

DIRECTIONS:

For each of the multiple choice questions, select the appropriate letter which reflects the best answer from the choices given.

NOTE:

Studies have proven that your first choice is usually correct. Take two deep slow breaths, read each question carefully and then mark your answer.

Good Luck!

THE HEART

1. In vertebrates, exchange of substances between the blood and the intersitial fluids, and body cells occurs in the:

1. arteries
2. arterioles
3. capillaries
4. veins
5. venules

1. In the human heart, blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the:

1. right ventricle
2. left atrium
3. right atrium
4. pulmonary circuit
5. systemic circuit

1. What vessel transports oxygenated blood from the lung into the heart?

1. pulmonary artery
2. pulmonary vein
3. superior vena cava
4. inferior vena cava
5. coronary artery

1. In the cardiac cycle, blood pressure is at a maximum when:

1. the atria are contracting during systole
2. the atria are contracting during diastole
3. the ventricles are contracting during systole
4. the ventricles are relaxing during systole
5. the ventricles are relaxing during diastole

1. What causes blood to move in the veins toward the heart?

1. gravity
2. the contraction of venous walls
3. pulsing movement from the heart
4. the contraction of nearby muscles
5. venous capacitance

1. The most abundant cells in the blood are:

1. erythrocytes
2. leukocytes
3. phagocytes
4. platelets
5. none of the above

1. The most common ingredient of blood plasma is:

1. gases
2. proteins
3. salts
4. water

1. Select the correct statement about mammalian erytrocytes

1. fight infection
2. nuclei present
3. 15 to 20 micrometers in diameter
4. little more than "bags", over 97% of hemoglobin

1. Select the erythrocyte concentration or count closest to humans on the basis of a cubic milimeter

1. 3.6 thousand
2. 5.1 thousand
3. 3.6 million
4. 5.1 million

1. The useful lifespan of an individual red blood cell is about ____ days.

1. 4
2. 40
3. 60
4. 120

1. Select the incorrect statement about leukocytes

1. granular or agranular
2. five kinds
3. on average, 4000 to 11000 per cubic millimeter
4. prevent the clotting of blood

1. Select the closest figure representing a human white blood cell count on a cubic millimeter basis

1. 2 thousand
2. 2 million
3. 8 thousand
4. 8 million

1. The role of platelets is to initiate:

1. carry oxygen
2. hemostasis (sttoppage of bleeding)
3. prevent infection
4. make erythrocytes and leukocytes

1. The normal flow of blood from the heart through vessels is

1. artery – capillary – vein
2. artery – vein – capillary
3. vein – capillary – artery
4. vein – artery – capillary

1. One word to summarize capillary site function is

1. exchange
2. pressure
3. hemostasis
4. phagocytosis

1. The bicuspid or mitral valve of the heart is between the

1. left ventricle and aorta
2. right ventricle and pulmonary artery
3. left atrium and left ventricle
4. right atrium and right ventricle

1. The sinoatrial node (SA) is a(n)

1. artery
2. vein
3. pacemaker
4. heart chamber

1. Intercalated disks are:

1. specialized conduction fibers
2. bands between cardiac cells or fibers
3. valves within the heart
4. interlock via meshing "fingers" at dark-staining junctions

1. Heart sounds (lub-dup) are produced by the

1. closure of arteries
2. closure of veins
3. closure by valves
4. break in the wall between chambers

1. If cardiac output is 4800ml and heart rate is 60 beats per minute, the "stroke volume" is ___ ml.

1. 60
2. 80
3. 120
4. 240

1. For blood pressure of 138/78 mm Hg, the number 78 represents the _____ pressure.

1. systolic
2. diastolic
3. pulse
4. mean

1. Baroreceptors specifically detect

1. numbers of blood cells
2. volume of blood
3. arterial blood pressure
4. oxygen levels in the blood

1. Each of the following is part of the arterial circuit serving the "brain"except

1. Rt. And It. Internal carotid arteries
2. Rt. And It. Vertebral arteries
3. Circle of Willis
4. Rt. And It. Coronary arteries
5. Rt. And It. Cerebral arteries

1. Each is a function of the lymphatic system except:

1. conduct lymph
2. serve cells with nutrients
3. defend against disease
4. absorb lipids from digestive tract

THE KIDNEY

1. Each is a principal metabolic waste except

1. water
2. carbon dioxide
3. cellulose
4. nitrogenous wastes

1. Each is a nitrogenous waste except

1. ammonia
2. uric acid
3. urea
4. creatine

1. Each is a process of the kidney except:

1. glomerular filtration
2. absorption
3. tubular reabsorption
4. tubular secretion

1. The last structure encountered by eliminated urine is the

1. bladder
2. kidney
3. ureter
4. urethra

1. Select the outer portion of the kidney

1. cortex
2. medulla
3. pyramid
4. pelvis

1. Urination or voiding occurs when about ___ ml of urine has accumulated in the bladder

1. 100
2. 250
3. 500
4. 700

1. The glomerulus is a

1. cuplike structure
2. cluster or tuft of capillaries, associated, with a renal tubule
3. convoluted tubule
4. collecting duct

1. Among the following structures, select the last structure encountered by the filtrate (urine) from many nephrons:

1. collecting duct
2. distal convoluted tubule
3. loop of Henle
4. proximal convoluted tubule

1. Select the correct characteristic about tubular reabsorption

1. unselective process
2. substances pass from blood to tubule
3. quickly reclaimed and returned to the blood
4. greatest amount in the distal, convoluted tubule

1. Tubular secretion mainly occurs in the

1. Bowman’s capsule
2. Proximal and distal convoluted tubules
3. Loop of henie
4. Proximal convoluted tubule

1. The flow of the fluid to regulate urine concentration and volume through the nephron tubule is best described as:

1. current
2. conuntercurrent mechanism
3. renal
4. counter-renal

1. Ammonia and urea are waste products derived from the metabolic breakdown of:

1. carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. nucleic acids
4. proteins
5. salts

1. The functional unit of the kidney is the:

1. Bowman’s capsule
2. Capillary
3. Glomerulus
4. Nephron
5. Renal rubule

1. During filtration, which does not enter the Bowman’s capsule from the bloodstream?

1. Water
2. Glucose
3. Ions
4. Amino acids
5. Plasma proteins

1. Through which of these does urine enter the urinary bladder?

1. ureter
2. urethra
3. renal artery
4. renal medulla
5. convoluted tubule

1. Of the fluid that is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule, approximately how much of its is reabsorbed back into the blood within the kidney/

1. less than 5%
2. about 25%
3. about 25%
4. about 75%
5. over 99%

REPRODUCTION

1. Each is true of sexual reproduction except:

1. occurs through fusion of gametes
2. egg is smaller than the sperm
3. fertilization can be external
4. fertilization can be internal

1. A hermaphrodite is an organism that produces

1. eggs only
2. sperms only
3. eggs and sperms
4. neither eggs nor sperms

1. Select the incorrect association for the human male

1. testis-produces sperm
2. testis-produces testosterone
3. scrotum contains testis
4. accessory glands – store sperm cells

1. The seminiferous tubules

1. store sperm cells
2. make sperm cells
3. make seminal fluid
4. store seminal fluid

1. Human sperm cells are maintained at a temperature of about___ degrees below normal human body temperature (37 degrees C)

1. 2
2. 4
3. 6
4. 8

1. Each of the following is an accessory gland except the

1. vas deferens
2. seminal vesicle
3. prostate
4. bulbourethral

1. Form the vas deferens or ductus deferens sperm cells next pass through the

1. ejaculatory duct
2. epididymis
3. seminiferous tubules
4. urethra

1. The cavernous bodies (corpora cavernosa & corpus spongiosum) are:

1. glands storing seminal fluid
2. sites of sperm cell maturation
3. erectile tissue
4. passageways

1. The female ovaries produce

1. gametes only
2. hormones only
3. gametes and sex hormones
4. neither gametes nor hormones

1. Ovulation occurs when the:

1. fertilization of the sex cell
2. release of the secondary oocyte (still surrounded by its corona vadiata) from the ovary
3. delivery of a baby
4. prenatal development of the organism

1. Each of the following is a different name for the same structure except

1. fallopian tube
2. uterine tube
3. oviduct
4. uterus

1. About six to seven days after ovulation the blastocyst implants onto the

1. epimetrium
2. endometrium
3. perimetrium
4. myometrium

1. Each of the following is a structure of the "vulva" except the

1. clitoris
2. labia majora
3. labia minora
4. vagina

1. During the menstrual and proliferative phases of the menstrual cycle, the level of anterior pituitary gonadotropin FSH:

1. decreases
2. increases

1. Select the incorrect association

1. FSH – ovary
2. LH – ovary
3. Estrogens – general
4. Endometrium

1. The female produces male testosterone in the

1. adrenal cortex
2. ovarian follicle
3. corpus luteum
4. endometrium

1. Erectile dysfunction is a former term for fertilization

1. fertilization
2. impotency
3. ovulation
4. ejaculation

1. What is the advantage of mammalian testes being located is a sac outside the body cavity?

1. a shorter distance for semen to be ejaculated
2. a shorter distance for sperm to swim
3. the testes can be held at a constant temperature
4. the body temperature is too high for sperm production
5. it allows testis enlargement with sexual maturity

1. Following ovulation, what becomes of the follicle cells?

1. they move with the egg in the oviduct
2. they degenerate if the egg is not fertilized
3. they grow into a corpus luteum
4. they begin to secrete hormones
5. they begin to develop a new egg

1. By what does the egg move through the oviduct?

1. it is propelled by cilia on its surface
2. it is propelled by its flagellum
3. it is propelled by oviduct concentrations
4. it is propelled by cilia lining the oviduct
5. it is propelled by its amoeboid motion

1. Female reproductive events are coordinated by two pituitary gonadotropins:

1. follicle – stimulating hormone and estrogen
2. estrogen and progesterone
3. follicle- stimulating hormone and progesterone
4. luteinizing hormone and progestrerone
5. luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone

1. In the early half of the menstrual cycle, before the events of ovulation, which hormone is at its highest level in the blood?

1. estrogen
2. follicle-stimulating hormone
3. luteninizing hormome
4. progesterone
5. testosterone

1. At the 32-cell stage the embyyo is refered to as the:

1. morula
2. blastula
3. blastocyst
4. gastrula

1. The zygote following fertilization first undergoes:

1. cell specialization
2. cleavage, rapid mitotic divisions
3. gastrulation
4. blastulation

1. The nervous system specialization develops from which of the germ-layers:

1. ectoderm
2. mesoderm
3. myoderm
4. endoderm

1. Specialization fo the mesoderm germ layer forms the:

1. outer layer fo the skin
2. nervous system
3. sketetal muscles
4. digestive system

1. All terrestrail vertebrates from during the first two to three weeks fo development have __ extraembryonic membranes.

1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 6

1. The allantois function for:

1. a source fo nourishment
2. protection
3. waste disposal
4. blood supply

1. One word describing the function of the placenta is:

1. protection
2. exchange
3. support
4. yolk formation

1. The umbilical vein is relatively ___ in oxygen concentration.

1. high
2. low

1. Human prenatal development requires about ____ after conception.

1. 246 days or 35 weeks
2. 266 days or 38 weeks
3. 280 days or 40 weeks
4. 290 days or 41.5 weeks

1. Gestation peroid is the duration of:

1. postnatal life
2. aging
3. pregnancy, from fertilation until parturition (birth)
4. migration of embryo in the oviduct

1. Which hormone in the posterior lobe of the pituitary increases the contractions of the uterus during labor?

1. melanin
2. oxytocin
3. vasopressin
4. ADH

1. Each is an event fo "labor" except:

1. cervix dilation stage
2. amnion usually ruptures
3. uterine contrations, explusion stage
4. initiation with voluntary contrations

1. The intrauterine device is a means fo birth control:

1. ovulation
2. fertilazation
3. implantation
4. ejaculation
5. sperm reaching the egg