HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 2401

LECTURE TEST # 1

INTRODUCTION TO A&P; CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE THE CELL

DIRECTIONS: For each of the following questions or incomplete statements below select the best or the most appropriate answer in each case.

1. Which of the following listed is the second most complex structural level of organization?

1. system
2. cell
3. organ
4. tissue

2. The region just inferior to the umbilical is known as the ________ region.

1. hypochondriac
2. iliac
3. epigastric
4. hypogastric

3. The plane that divides the body length wise into anterior and posterior portions is known as a __________ plane.

1. midsagittal
2. sagittal
3. frontal
4. horizontal

4. Which one of these spaces contains all the others?

1. pleural cavity
2. mediastinum
3. pericardial cavity
4. thoracic cavity

5. The plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves is known as a _________ plane.

1. coronal
2. midsagittal
3. sagittal
4. horizontal

6. Which one of the following is not found in the abdominal cavity.

1. small intestine
2. spleen
3. liver
4. pancreas
5. all of the above are found in the abdominal cavity?

7. The number of protons in an atom is known as the:

1. atomic weight
2. atomic number
3. mass number
4. valence number

8. If two atoms share two pairs of electrons equally, the bond is known as a/an:

1. nonpolar covalent bond
2. hydrogen bond
3. polar covalent bond
4. ionic bond

9. Which one of the following listed is third largest in size?

1. disaccharide
2. monosaccharide
3. polysaccharide
4. carbohydrate

10. Which one of the following is not characteristic of lipids?

1. contain as many oxygen atoms as carbon atoms
2. contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
3. are insoluble in water
4. are soluble in organic solvents

11. Proteins are made up of groups of smaller subunit molecules known as:

1. amino acids
2. fatty acids
3. nucleic acids
4. strong acids

12. Nucleotides of DNA may contain all but which one of the following substances?

1. purine
2. pyrimidine
3. ribose
4. phosphate

13. Which of the following bases will bond with guanine?

1. cytosine
2. thymine
3. uracil
4. adenine

14. Which one of the following is not true of a true solution?

1. The solute particles do not settle out
2. A light path is not visible if a beam of light is passes through the solution
3. The dispersed particles within a true solution are very small in size
4. The substance present in the greatest amount is called the solute

15. If a red blood cell is placed in a test tube of distilled water, the red blood cell would be ________ to the distilled water.

1. hypotonic
2. isotonic
3. hypertonic
4. cannot be determined

16. Isotopes of a particular chemical element have different numbers of :

1. protons
2. neutrons
3. electrons
4. leptons

17. The transfer of electrons from one atom to another leads to the formation of the kind of bond known as:

1. nonpolar covalent
2. ionic
3. polar covalent
4. hydrogen

18. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of lipids?

1. insoluble in organic solvents
2. contain only a few oxygen atoms
3. contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
4. serve as energy sources

19. Dipeptides are formed by joining the:

1. amino group of the one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another amino acid
2. amino group of one amino acid with the amino group another amino acid
3. amino group of one amino acid with a carboxyl group of a fatty acid
4. amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of a nucleic acid

20. Nucleotides if RNA may contain all but which one of the following substances:

1. phosphate
2. deoxyribose
3. pyrimidine
4. purine

21. Which word includes all of the others?

1. catabolic reactions
2. anabolic reactions
3. metabolic reactions
4. synthesis reactions
5. breakdown reactions

22. Osmosis is the movement of water from:

1. high to low water concentration
2. low to high water concentration
3. high solute concentration to low solute concentration
4. low solute concentration to high solute concentration
5. none of the above is correct

23. Which one of the following is not true of facilitated diffusion?

1. shows the characteristics of specificity
2. shows the characteristics of competition
3. shows the characteristics of saturation
4. requires energy
5. moves substances from high to low concentration for those substances

24. If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the net movement of water is:

1. into a cell
2. out of a cell
3. zero
4. none of the above is correct

25. The synthesis of RNA is known as:

1. transduction
2. translation
3. transcription
4. transference

26. If a small part of one side of a DNA molecule has the base sequence: a-t-c-g-t-a, then the messenger RNA base sequence would be:

1. t-a-g-c-a-t
2. t-a-c-g-t-a
3. u-a-g-g-a-t
4. u-a-g-c-a-u

27. The sites of protein synthesis within the cell are the:

1. lysosomes
2. endoplasmic reticulum
3. ribosomes
4. mitochondria

28. The stage in normal cell division where the nucleoli are disappearing and the chromosomes are appearing is known as:

1. prophase
2. telophase
3. interphase
4. anaphase
5. metaphase

29. Which one of the following is not true of active transport:

1. saturation
2. competition
3. uses no energy
4. specificity
5. moves substances against concentration gradients

30. The accumulation of extracellular fluid within a vesicle is known as:

1. exocytosis
2. phagocytosis
3. mediated transport
4. pinocytosis
5. facilitated diffusion

31. The stage in normal cell division where the chromosomes are migrating toward the poles is known as:

1. prophase
2. telophase
3. interphase
4. anaphase
5. metaphase

32. Mitosis without cytokinesis would usually yield:

1. haploid cells
2. diploid cells
3. multinucleanate cells
4. cannot occur in nature

33. A compound having the chemical formula C₁₀₀H₂₀₀ O₅ would be an example of a :

1. nucleotide
2. carbohydrate
3. protein
4. fat

34. A compound having the chemical formula C₁₂H₂₄O₁₂ would be an example of a:

1. carbohydrate
2. protein
3. fat
4. none of these

35. A combination of like or unlike atoms would be best described as a:

1. element
2. molecule
3. compound
4. none of these

36. The study of animal life is ____________ and is one of the two major categories of biology.

The study of animal structure is ____________.

1. Botany, Anatomy
2. Botany, Physiology
3. Zoology, Anatomy
4. Zoology, Physiology

37. The sum of all chemical processes in living cells involving energy exchange defines the vital function of ______________. The ability to respond to a stimulus defines the vital function of ___________________.

1. metabolism, adaptability
2. metabolism, irritability
3. growth, adaptability
4. growth, irritability

38. Indicate the truth of the falsehood of these two statements by selecting one choice.

1. All living membranes are selectively permeable.
2. The selective qualities of all cell membranes are not identical.

1. both statements are true
2. statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false
3. statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true
4. both statements are false

39. As a constituent of cytoplasm, the mitochomdria are classified as ___________ and the ribosomes are classified as ____________.

1. organelles, organelles
2. organelles, inclusions
3. inclusions, organelles
4. inclusions, inclusions

40. A carbon atom contains ___ positively charged particulars. Carbon has a atomic ________ of 6.

1. 6, weight
2. 6, number
3. 8, weight
4. 8, number

41. In the presence of chlorine atoms, each sodium atom has the tendency to _______ 1 electron and become _________ charged.

1. lose, negatively
2. lose, positively
3. gain, negatively
4. gain, positively

42. Hydrochloric acid, a _____________ acid, dissociates to a high degree and releases _______ hydrogen ions into solution.

1. strong, few
2. strong, many
3. weak, few
4. weak, many

43. Glucose, fructose, and galactose each contain _______ carbon atoms and are classified as ______ sugars.

1. 5, pentose
2. 5, hexose
3. 6, pentose
4. 6, hexose

44. Sucrose, a __________, contains one molecule of glucose and one molecule of _______.

1. monosaccharide, fructose
2. monosaccharide, galactose
3. disaccharide, fructose
4. disaccharide, galactose

45. The process of diffusion tends to ____________ the concentration gradient of a substance and distribute the substance ________ throughout a given space.

1. raise, evenly
2. raise, unevenly
3. lower, evenly
4. lower, unevenly

46. The complete breakdown of glucose produces __________ and water and ___________ the use of oxygen.

1. carbon dioxide, requires
2. carbon dioxide, does not require
3. ammonia, requires
4. ammonia, does not require

47. The transferring of genetic information from DNA to RNA occurs _______ of a cell and is known as _________.

1. on the ribosomes, translation
2. on the ribosomes, transcription
3. in the nucleus, translation
4. in the nucleus, transcription

48. The complementary sequence of nitrogen bases or anticodon of tRNA for mRNA codon GAU would be _________.

1. CTA
2. CTT
3. CUA
4. CUT

49. Active transport

1. is a physiological, energy using process
2. ocurrs up a concentration gradient
3. permits a concentrated substance on one side of a membrane
4. all the above

50. When cells move substances across their membranes energy is expanded in ________.

1. diffusion
2. osmosis
3. filtration
4. active transport

51. Cellular fluid is called

1. interstitial fluid
2. intracellular fluid
3. extracellular fluid
4. answers (a), (b), (c) are correct
5. only answers (a), and (c) are correct

52. The cell dividing process which is responsible for the billions of cells present in the human body, is called.

1. mitosis
2. meiosis
3. reproduction
4. regeneration

53. The end result of meiosis is

1. diploid cells
2. haploid cells
3. somatic cells
4. cancer

54. Functions of the cell membrane include

1. phagocytosis
2. pinocytosis
3. diffucion
4. osmosis
5. all the above

55. The term distal means:

1. toward the attached en of a limb
2. away from the attached end of a limb
3. away from the head.