EXERCISES 1 & 2
I. ELEMENTS OF ART
LINE
WHAT TYPE OF LINE(S) IS USED (outline, contour, implied)?
HOW DOES LINE FUNCTION?
Outlines; shows movement, directs viewer's vision;
creates pattern/textures; shapes and models
SHAPE & MASS
DEFINE THE SHAPES USED IN THE ARTWORK (geometric or
organic).
DEFINE THE FIGURE/GROUND RELATIONSHIP.
SPACE
Does the artwork exist in two- or three-dimensional space?
Discuss the work's arrangement in the space (2-d or 3-d) it
occupies.
Is the illusion of three-dimensional space created?
Explain how.
What perspective system is being used?
VALUE
HOW IS VALUE USED?
COLOR
DESCRIBE THE COLORS USED IN THE ARTWORK BY HUE,
VALUE, AND INTENSITY.
DEFINE THE COLOR SCHEME USED.
(Monochromatic, complementary,
analogous, triad, or a combination)
TEXTURE
Does the work have actual texture? Describe the visual
texture.
What creates the visual texture?
PATTERN
Is pattern used? If so, how?
(TIME & MOTION)
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II. DESIGN PRINCIPLES
BALANCE
Does the work have actual weight that contributes to its
content?
How is visual weight expressed?
Does the work have symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial balance?
EMPHASIS & FOCAL POINT
Does the artwork have a focal point? With what element(s)
of art is it created?
How is the viewer's eye movement directed through the
composition?
PROPORTION AND
SCALE
Describe the use of scale in the artwork.
How is proportion used?
REPETITION AND
RHYTHM
Has the artist set up a rhythmic relationship among elements
in the work?
Is it regular? How does it contribute to the work's
content
UNITY & VARIETY
How has the artist unified the work? Is the unity visual
or conceptual?
How is variety created?
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DRAWING
| Selection of pigment and ground contribute to the
appearance of
the drawing.
1. What type of line appears in the drawing? (fine,
faint, bold,
broad, gestural, controlled)
2. How is value controlled? (hatching/cross-hatching,
blending)
3. How are shapes created? (by outlined, by value
transitions)
4. How is texture shown? (by varied lines, by capturing
the actual
texture of the ground, by value)
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PAINTING
| (For chart of binders, solvents, & grounds,
see Term List
)
LINE: How is line used or controlled
in the medium?
Does the medium depend on line?
SHAPE: Does the medium allow for large areas of
solid color?
How is the illusion of mass created in the medium?
VALUE: How are value gradations controlled in the
medium?
TEXTURE: Does the medium lend itself to creating actual
texture?
How is visual texture achieved with the medium?
COLOR: What is the quality of the color in this
medium?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using each
paint medium?
(Think of drying time, luminosity, ability to cover large areas
or particular surfaces, ability to be blended, intensity of color,
textural
possibilities, transparency vs. opacity.)
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PRINTS
| RELIEF PROCESS: stone relief, linocut, woodcut,
wood engraving
INTAGLIO PROCESS: engraving, drypoint, mezzotint,
etching, aquatint
PLANOGRAPHIC PROCESS: lithography, screenprinting (silk
screen),
monotypes
LINE: How is line created in the
technique?
What is the quality of the line created?
Can the line quality be varied? How?
SHAPES: How are shapes created in the technique?
Is it possible to create the illusion of
3-dimensional mass in the process? How?
VALUE: What types of value contrasts are created in the
process?
How are they created and controlled?
TEXTURE: Is the actual texture of the block,
plate, or stone
apparent in the print?
Is it possible to create the illusion of texture
in the print technique? How?
COLOR: Is the creation of color possible in
the process?
If so, how is it achieved?
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SCULPTURE
| 1. By what process was the work of sculpture
created: additive
(modeling, assembling), subtractive (carving), or cast?
2. Is the sculpture 'in-the-round', low-relief, or
high-relief?
3. How is the mass-space relationship expressed in
the work?
How does the work of sculpture interact with the space around it?
How does the
viewer interact with the sculpture?
4. Describe the use of light and value in the
work. How
does the artist manipulate highlights and shadows in the piece?
Is
color expressed in the work? How?
5. Is the work textural? How does the artist
create textural
differences?
6. What is the work's relationship to time and/or
motion?
Is motion implied or actual?
7. How is unity and variety expressed in the work of
sculpture?
8. Discuss how the work is balanced (symmetrical,
asymmetrical, radial).
Describe the work's relationship to gravitational force.
9. What is the proportional relationship of the parts to
the whole?
Of the work to its setting? Is the scale normal or abnormal?
10. Does the work have points of emphasis or a
single focal
point?
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ARCHITECTURE
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS:
SHELL (load-bearing walls)
Stacking-and-Piling
Post-and-Lintel
Classical orders: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
Arch Construction (keystone, voussoir, centering, buttress)
Arcade
Vault: barrel, groin
Dome (drum, oculus) |
SKELETON-AND-SKIN (load-bearings structure)
(Curtain wall construction)
Cast-Iron Construction
Balloon-Frame
Steel-Frame |
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CABLE SUSPENSION
REINFORCED CONCRETE
GEODESIC DOME
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