• What effect did the Reformation have on religious imagery in art? (See pages 630-632 and the inset on page 632 in the textbook).
• Explore formal and Renaissance architectural vocabulary of the French chateaux (See pages 636-637).
• Examine the artistic ways secular appearing images met the spiritual obligations of the Reformation.    (See pages 637-642).
• Review the lives and works of female artists of the Northern European countries.  (See page 641).
  

• Examine the closed Isenheim Altarpiece by Matthias Grunewald (see page 627).
• Examine the engraving Knight, Death, and the Devil  (see page 630)  and the painting Four Apostles, both by Albrecht Durer.  How did Durer, in his graphic art methods and in his painting, expand Northern Renaissance ideals?
• The French Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger (see page 634).  What pictorial devices does this painting use to "allude to the growing tension between secular and religious authorities?"
• What are some interpretations of Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymus Bosch?  See image on page 637.
  
• How does Money-Changer and His Wife by Quinten Massys (see page 639) demonstrate a balance of the secular and the spiritual?
• What concepts of the landscape and human activities depicted in art can be seen emerging in Hunters in the Snow by Pieter Bruegel the Elder (see page 643).
• The Escorial, designed by Juan de Herrera (see page 645).  What makes the design of the Escorial unique in Spanish and European architecture?
• The large painting The Burial of Count Orgaz by El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos) (see page 646) is usually described as "Spanish Mannerist."  How does this painting characterize the artist as a portraitist, colorist, and expressive artist?

    a)  Visit the Prado Museum in Madrid, Spain, and see the art of El Greco.  Site is available in Spanish.
    b)  Explore "Sculpture and Decorative Arts of the Spanish Renaissance."
    c)  Examine architecture in Spain, including examples of 'plateresque' work.
    d)  Visit the Chateaux of France, including Chambord and Fontainebleu.